Predicting the weather could help you avoid a survival situation at all, there are countless stories of people beng lost in a snow storm or beng caught in a sand storm and become lost or disorientated.
Snow storms are allot easier to predict in meteorological terms that sand storms so before you go to a remote or potentially dangerous location please check the weather, Sometimes this is not possible but it is worth thinking about if you are on an extended expedition carrying a portable radio some are very small light-weight and cheap. Having just been walking on the appalachian trail with my partner the radio came in very handy for predicting weather and basing any decisions armed with that information.
On a recent expedition to the himalayas we were not so fortunate to have radio reception but having an accurate weather forecast was worth its weight in gold before attempting a summit of a mountain with potentially fatal consequences.
With regards to desert survival the prediction of sand storms even evaded the military during the 1991 Gulf was many years later and many millions of dollars of investment they have moved from 1 days warning up to o 10 days warning for predicting a sandstorm
Many times local knowledge is invaluable when it comes to planning activities, weather systems are very fickle in mountainous regions and sometimes local people with years of experience can predict changes that would not otherwise be apparent to a meteorologist, i am sure we can all remember when the weatherman got it wrong.